Students' Behavioural Intention Regarding E-Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Due to the appearance of COVID-19, the newly emerged situation has provoked numerous reactions in the field of education, both in the world and in Serbia. Prompted by this problem, the authors of this paper conducted a survey to determine students' behavioural intention, as well as their readiness to use e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. E-learning has integrated technology and education and has proven to be a powerful tool that enables the education system to respond to the challenges of modern society. In this research, an online questionnaire was distributed to the students of the University of Belgrade. To process the results, the SEM methodology was employed, which enabled the testing of the proposed hypotheses. The obtained results showed the students' behavioural intention can be directly and indirectly predicted by the joint influence of the role of authority, innovative orientation, user-friendly learning, expected performance, and quality of e-learning. This knowledge enabled a comprehensive analysis that encompassed the e-learning experiences students gained during a state of emergency. © 2023, FACTEACHEREDUCATION. All rights reserved.

How personal, technical, social environments affecting generation Z to utilise video-based sharing platform in learning process during crisis?

In a crisis such as COVID-19 that struck the world in 2019, social and community activities are restricted, including in-person classes. On the one hand, these restrictions are aimed as a precautionary measure against the virus spread;on the other hand, this could lead to a lost generation without an educational process. Notwithstanding this, online learning through a video-sharing platform is envisaged as the best way to keep learning in this particular situation. However, students have their learning style preferences. While a video-based sharing platform is seen as the most representative way of facilitating self-directed learning, understanding the motivations driving the adoption is crucial. This paper investigates technical, social, and personal environments that motivate generation Z to utilise this tool for self-directed learning, employing Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) as the theoretical lens. A total of 251 survey responses from this cohort were collected and analysed with a structural equation modelling approach. The findings reveal that perceived usefulness and content quality, peer influence, and self-efficacy and outcome from three perspectives, respectively, determine the adoption intention substantially by 67.1%. These findings provide several important implications for video-sharing platform acceptance in terms of both research and practice. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed. © 2024, Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education. All rights reserved.

Using Two Theories in Exploration of the Health Information Diffusion on Social Media During a Global Health Crisis

As the possibility of sharing inaccurate information on social media increases markedly during the health crisis, there is a need to develop an understanding of social media users' motivations for online sharing of information related to major public health challenges such as COVID-19. This study utilised an online survey based on Theory of Planned Behaviour and Diffusion of Innovation Theory to examine how the behavioural intention to share COVID-19-related content on social media is impacted and to develop a model of health information sharing. Results indicate that opinion leadership, beliefs held towards the source of the information, and peers' influence serve as determinants of the intention to share COVID-19-related information on social media, while the opinion-seeking attitude does not, which could be explained by opinion seekers' inherent tendency to seek more sources to verify new information obtained. The study contributes to the Information Science field by addressing the previously under-researched area and proposing a new model that explains the impact of the factors on behavioural intention to share health-related information during the health crisis in the online network environment.

Tourists' risk perception, travel behaviour and behavioural intention during the COVID-19

Considering the coronavirus risk, the purpose of the study is to reveal the group differences in travel risk perception, travel behaviour and behavioural intention in terms of the tourists' sociodemographic characteristics-gender, age and past travel experience. A convenience sampling was used and members of the eligible travel groups on social media platforms were invited to respond to an online survey. A total of 160 responses were obtained from Turkey in January 2021. Exploratory factor analysis, independent samples t-tests and cross-tabulation analysis were performed to analyse the data. This study determined the differences in the risk perception of coronavirus, travel behaviour and travel intention of tourists in terms of gender and age of tourists. Although it is known that the higher the experience, the lower the risk perception, the study showed no differences associated with the past travel experience. This supposes that all tourists, regardless of their past experience, perceived the coronavirus risk in the same way as its influence has been tremendous globally. Consequently, tourism professionals should attract target markets at the appropriate time with compatible strategies regarding the sociodemographic factors.

E-Learning Acceptance in Higher Education in Response to Outbreak of COVID-19: TAM2 Based Approach

The use of technological tools has robustly come to the forefront in form of e-learning with the onset of COVID-19. In the light of the accelerated shift to online classes by the educational institutions in response to the outbreak of the pandemic, the study aims to apply the technology acceptance model (TAM2) to examine the impact of students' social influence, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use on e-learning intention in higher education during COVID-19. Data collected from students of different universities from the Northern region of India were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results revealed that a significant relationship exists between social influence and perceived usefulness of e-learning behavioural intention. The study also confirms the mediation of perceived usefulness between social influence and e-learning behavioural intention and the mediation of perceived usefulness between perceived ease of use and e-learning behavioural intention. The study revealed that social influence and perceived usefulness are the key factors for the acceptance of e-learning in higher education during COVID-19 pandemic. The main contribution to the study is developing a better understanding of variables that influence the adoption and use of e-learning with special reference to an outbreak of COVID-19. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Adoption of online mathematics learning in Ugandan government universities during the COVID-19 pandemic: pre-service teachers' behavioural intention and challenges.

In the wake of COVID-19, higher education institutions worldwide were forced to continue teaching and learning through online means. However, it was only during the pandemic that institutions in Uganda, such as Kabale University, embraced online learning. Against this background, one could not predict how students drastically adapted to the new normal, especially in mathematics, which requires a lot of practice. Thus, this study sought to establish the relationship between behavioural intention to use technology and the adoption of online mathematics learning among pre-service teachers at Kabale University. We conceptualized behavioural intention to use technology according to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as comprising four factors: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and social influence. This mixed methods study followed a cross-sectional correlational survey and hermeneutic phenomenological research designs. We collected data from 140 pre-service mathematics teachers, who were sampled using stratified and simple random sampling techniques, through a self-administered questionnaire. Also, we collected qualitative data through nine face-to-face interviews of pre-service mathematics teachers using criterion sampling, where the most prominent criterion was the participant's experience with the phenomenon under study. Using Pearson's linear correlation, results showed that all UTAUT constructs were related to the adoption of online learning. Simple linear regression revealed that facilitating conditions were the strongest predictor. Furthermore, the narrative analysis indicated that, among others, a lack of technological knowledge hindered learners' effective participation in online mathematics lectures. Therefore they barely benefited from online learning. Thus, we recommend government universities enhance teachers' and learners' technological knowledge, among other facilitating conditions such as establishing strong on-campus Wi-Fi connections as online learning continues.

Quarantine hotel employees' protection motivation, pandemic fear, resilience and behavioural intention

Quarantine hotels have been established by governments to accommodate COVID-19 infected or potentially infectious guests. The employees of these hotels, despite the high-risk environment, must provide services to guests. However, limited research is conducted on the impacts of the pandemic on their psychological well-being and health. This study investigates the protection motivation of quarantine hotel employees, fear of infection, coping strategies and behavioural intentions towards guests. A sample of 242 respondents in designated quarantine hotels in Iran revealed that fear of infection significantly affects employees' protection motivation intention. Employee psychological resilience is greatly affected by different coping strategies. The findings indicate that untact hospitality can significantly be increased by the protection intentions of hotel employees. Cautious contact with guests is also significantly increased by protection motivation intention and employees' psychological resilience. The results offer both theoretical and practical implications.

Acceptance of Smart Technologies in Blended Learning: Perspectives of Chinese Medical Students.

Smart technologies are essential in improving higher education teaching and learning. The present study explores the factors that influence students' behavioural intentions to adopt and use smart technologies in blended learning. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) model, a survey of 305 students was conducted to collect data. A structural equation model was applied to analyse the data. The findings show that adopting smart technologies requires appropriate social context and organizational support. Moreover, the data indicated that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, and habit are vital in determining students' behavioural intention to use smart technologies. However, facilitating conditions and price value were found to have no significant impact on the students' behavioural intention to use smart technologies. The study contributes to a better understanding of the nexus of blended learning and smart technologies, thus improving students' experiences in blended learning settings.

Key Factors Influencing Consumers' Behavioral Intention towards Adopting and Using Mobile Commerce Services Amid and Post COVID-19 Pandemic

Meeting customers' requirements and needs is con-sidered a cornerstone of the success of any type of business, regardless of its size. Therefore, engineering the products and services provided by those organizations should be made based on a clear understanding of such requirements. This in turn would increase their market penetration, competitiveness, and of course their profitability. Nowadays, with the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, a big shift in the people's behavior towards using various electronic means, has been witnessed. Consequently, this had forced the business models to be shifted as well to cope with such changes in the behavior. In this research, we focused on exploring the main drivers of people's willingness to adopt mobile commerce services during times of pandemic. The research was conducted based on feedback collected from users of mobile commerce services in Jordan. The results showed that performance expectancy, personal innovativeness, and habit, had a positively significant impact on Jordanian customers' behavioral intention to adopt such services during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 IEEE.

Using Two Theories in Exploration of the Health Information Diffusion on Social Media During a Global Health Crisis

As the possibility of sharing inaccurate information on social media increases markedly during the health crisis, there is a need to develop an understanding of social media users' motivations for online sharing of information related to major public health challenges such as COVID-19. This study utilised an online survey based on Theory of Planned Behaviour and Diffusion of Innovation Theory to examine how the behavioural intention to share COVID-19-related content on social media is impacted and to develop a model of health information sharing. Results indicate that opinion leadership, beliefs held towards the source of the information, and peers' influence serve as determinants of the intention to share COVID-19-related information on social media, while the opinion-seeking attitude does not, which could be explained by opinion seekers' inherent tendency to seek more sources to verify new information obtained. The study contributes to the Information Science field by addressing the previously under-researched area and proposing a new model that explains the impact of the factors on behavioural intention to share health-related information during the health crisis in the online network environment. © 2022 World Scientific Publishing Co.

COVID-19 vaccination determinants: An empirical evaluation of vaccination acceptance model

In this paper, the researchers tried to look into the prime factors that led to the Intention to Vaccinate among Indians.Multiple Regression was applied and data was used to validate the Model. Major finding was that the Social Norms (SN), Perceived Benefits (PB), Perceived Safety (PS), Perceived Severity (PSE), Perceived Susceptibility (PSU), Perceived Barriers (PBA) and Perceived Risks (PR) have significant contribution to Intention to Vaccinate. This paper focusses on the Acceptance of Vaccination among the citizens of India during second wave of COVID-19.

Behavioral Intention Analysis of Distance Education System Using the Innovation Diffusion Theory and Technology Acceptance Model

The Distance Education System (DES) is a learning system by using online application facilities through internet that rapidly adopted in the education sector. However, there has been many obstacles and problems that hinder learning activities. It has been implemented in all level of education in Indonesia even more during pandemic Covid-19. DES is one of the innovations that have been adopted in education sector, hence its kind of technology can influence the intention of learning. The purpose of this study is to measure an individual perception on behavioural intention to use of Distance Education Systems (DES) in the province of DKI Jakarta area. Researchers used a combination of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT) research models. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, which only selects the students of Islamic Junior high school (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri/MAN) in the province of DKI Jakarta area. The data analysis method used is PLS-SEM with the product software of SmartPLS 3.3.3. The results of the study indicate that 8 out of 13 hypotheses are accepted. The variable that has the greatest influence on behavioural intention to use is compatibility mediated by perceived usefulness. The results found that three IDT variables (relative advantages, complexity, trialability) have a significant effect on the perceived usefulness variable, then lead to it has a significant relationship on behavioral intention to use. In addition, the two of IDT variable namely compatibility and trialability have significant effect on the perceived ease of use then it has a significant effect on behavioral intention to use. The study found that the behavioural intention to use of DES influenced by the innovation characteristics (IDT) and mediated by the characteristics of technology itself (TAM). © 2022 IEEE.

IMPACT OF VIRTUAL LEARNING ON PERCEIVED MENTAL HEALTH OF COLLEGE STUDENTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The study in this article addresses three research questions: a) how do college students view the effective-ness of technology-mediated virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic;b) how does virtual learning impact their perceived mental health;and c) what is the mode of learning they most prefer? It follows an explanatory research design and survey method. Data are collected using a questionnaire with a purposive sample of 102 students and interviews with 20 students and 40 faculty members in India. The conceptual framework of this study is quite similar to the modified version of the Technology Acceptance Model (Venkatesh and Davis, 2000). The study reveals that 86% of the students find virtual learning to be ineffective. Such learning not only fails to provide adequate opportunities for experiential learning for developing knowledge, skills, and leadership abilities but also creates several perceived mental health problems. This study may help higher education institutions while designing and implementing virtual teaching-learning systems in order to prevent their negative impact on stu-dent’s perceived mental health in future crises. © 2022, Ljubljana University, Faculty of Social Sciences. All rights reserved.

Acceptance and use of ICT in tourism: the modified UTAUT model

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the technology usage behaviour of the tourists in line with the modified unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from a survey of 265 tourists using the random sampling technique. Partial least squares-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was used to analyze the data. Findings: The findings revealed that performance expectancy, hedonic motivation and habit significantly influence the behavioural intention of tourists to use information and communication technology (ICT), while effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions do not have a significant influence. However, actual ICT usage behaviour largely depends on the behavioural intention of the tourists, and their habits, while the facilitating conditions do not have any influence in this case. Practical implications: The findings uncover the core factors influencing tourists' actual ICT use behaviour that can assist the concerned stakeholders in designing tourism planning and sales. The study results also offer pathways for the world's tourism industry for a healthy recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Originality/value: The findings have made robust contributions by extending the existing UTAUT-based literature by adding two new moderators in the relationship between behavioural intention and actual ICT usage behaviour. © 2022, Md Borak Ali, Rahat Tuhin, Md Abdul Alim, Md Rokonuzzaman, Sheikh Matiur Rahman and Md Nuruzzaman.

Examining the behavioural intention of inpatients in Indian government hospitals.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of perceived service quality (PSQ) on the behavioural intention (BI) of patients in Indian government hospitals. The underlying mechanism of trust and patient satisfaction (SAT) is examined as multiple mediating effect. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Data from 510 respondents were collected using structured questionnaires. Six government hospitals, namely, S.M.S. Hospital, J.L.N. Hospital, New Medical College Hospital, Maharana Bhupal Medical Hospital, Mathuradas Hospital and P.B.N. Hospital, were selected from the cities of Jaipur, Ajmer, Kota, Udaipur, Jodhpur and Bikaner, respectively. The data were collected from adult patients (>18 years old) who spent at least two nights in a government hospital between 1 October, 2020 and 30 December, 2020. PSQ formed as a reflective-formative model was analysed using the repeated indicator approach. Structural equation modelling (SEM) using SMART-PLS software was used to test the hypothesised model(s) derived deductively from literature. FINDINGS: The findings support the following conclusions: (1) the positive relationship between PSQ and BI is significant; (2) SAT mediates the PSQ and BI relationship; (3) trust mediates the PSQ and BI relationship; (4) the mediation effect of SAT is stronger than that of trust. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results indicate that, in order to enhance the positive BI of patients towards government hospitals, it is necessary for the hospitals to work on strategies to enhance the service quality provided to patients. The outcome of this study will enable state government hospitals to get a better understanding of the different dimensions of service quality and will help in observing the factors that contribute to patients' satisfaction and trust in building long-term relationships by encouraging a positive BI. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: There is a dearth of research in India that evaluates the relationships between the constructs PSQ, trust, BI and SAT in the context of healthcare service. This empirical study is an attempt to fill this gap by focussing on the government hospitals in India.

Tourists’ risk perception, travel behaviour and behavioural intention during the COVID-19

Considering the coronavirus risk, the purpose of the study is to reveal the group differences in travel risk perception, travel behaviour and behavioural intention in terms of the tourists’ sociodemographic characteristics – gender, age and past travel experience. A convenience sampling was used and members of the eligible travel groups on social media platforms were invited to respond to an online survey. A total of 160 responses were obtained from Turkey in January 2021. Exploratory factor analysis, independent samples t-tests and cross-tabulation analysis were performed to analyse the data. This study determined the differences in the risk perception of coronavirus, travel behaviour and travel intention of tourists in terms of gender and age of tourists. Although it is known that the higher the experience, the lower the risk perception, the study showed no differences associated with the past travel experience. This supposes that all tourists, regardless of their past experience, perceived the coronavirus risk in the same way as its influence has been tremendous globally. Consequently, tourism professionals should attract target markets at the appropriate time with compatible strategies regarding the sociodemographic factors. © 2022 The Author(s).

Tourists’ Intentions during COVID-19: Push and Pull Factors in Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour

The way people travel has been entirely altered by COVID-19. Additionally, past studies reported that tourist behaviour has shifted because of the pandemic. Therefore, tourism management must identify the variables that impact tourists’ decisions to travel during COVID-19. However, the problem arises since research into tourist motivation, behaviour, and intention to travel in Southeast Asia is still scarce. In light of this issue, this study aims to bridge the gap by analysing tourists’ travel intentions during COVID-19 using the theory of planned behaviour broadened with push and pull factors. An online survey among Indonesians was employed to acquire data using judgment sampling. Three hundred sixty-one surveys were completed, and the data were analysed using the PLS-SEM technique. Based on the findings, only one variable had no significant effect on the intention to travel during COVID-19. Besides that, attitude towards a behaviour was the most potent variable affecting a tourist’s decision to travel. Thus, this study contributes both theoretically and practically. © Universiti Putra Malaysia Press

Consumer's adoption of virtual reality technologies for marine conservation: Motivational and technology acceptance perspectives

As the marine ecosystem deteriorates over time, more efforts are made to raise public awareness. Virtual reality technology in marine ecotourism (VRTME) enhances the travel experiences of those affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study adopts Maslow's hierarchy of motivational needs and the technology acceptance model to investigate the factors influencing consumers' behavioural intention (BI) towards VRTME and examines their interrelationships. An online survey was conducted with 451 people, and the results were analysed using structural equation modelling. The findings show how motivational constructs, namely, environmental knowledge, biospheric values, risk perception of marine pollution, social susceptibility, and green self-image, as mediated by perceived usefulness (PU), affect the adoption of VRTME. Perceived ease of use (PEOU) further impacted PU. The total effect analysis indicated that PU had the strongest influence, followed by PEOU, social susceptibility, biospheric values, environmental knowledge, green self-image, and risk perception of marine pollution. To substantiate the constructs motivating BI, this study combined two disparate research paradigms centred on the environmental needs and technological characteristics of VRTME. Overall, this study contributes to the existing literature on consumers' adoption of VRTME by introducing new perspectives and recommending policies to raise public awareness and support ongoing conservation efforts.

A local destination story for the restoration of the destination image affected by Covid-19 crisis: evidence from Indonesia.

The study investigates the impact of the narrative engagement mechanism on destination image and tourist behaviour during the Covid-19 crisis. This study used primary data collected from 390 respondents via a scenario-based survey. The results show that the authenticity, conciseness, and reversal of destination stories significantly influence the customers' narrative engagement, which further influences the destination's image and behavioural intentions affected by Covid-19. However, narrative engagement and the destination story did not lead to visitors' affective destination images. This study offers a practical contribution on how a personal travel story helped destinations affected by Covid-19 survive the crisis. Additionally, the study has substantial implications for local destination marketing organisations in expanding recovery strategies and redeveloping images in the future. The study also provides theoretical contribution as the dynamic change in local destination images (cognitive and affective) during the Covid-19 crisis have rarely been explored in academic studies.

Quarantine hotel employees' protection motivation, pandemic fear, resilience and behavioural intention

Quarantine hotels have been established by governments to accommodate COVID-19 infected or potentially infectious guests. The employees of these hotels, despite the high-risk environment, must provide services to guests. However, limited research is conducted on the impacts of the pandemic on their psychological well-being and health. This study investigates the protection motivation of quarantine hotel employees, fear of infection, coping strategies and behavioural intentions towards guests. A sample of 242 respondents in designated quarantine hotels in Iran revealed that fear of infection significantly affects employees' protection motivation intention. Employee psychological resilience is greatly affected by different coping strategies. The findings indicate that untact hospitality can significantly be increased by the protection intentions of hotel employees. Cautious contact with guests is also significantly increased by protection motivation intention and employees' psychological resilience. The results offer both theoretical and practical implications.